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VHDL · Topic

VHDL Signals vs Variables — Assignment & Delta Cycles

Signal assignment semantics, variables, delta cycles and the scheduling model that decides when a value is actually seen.

A signal assignment does not take effect immediately — it schedules a value that becomes visible in the next delta cycle, so a signal read later in the same process still returns the old value. A variable assigns immediately. That single difference explains most early VHDL confusion, and it is not a quirk: signals model wires, which cannot change instantaneously in response to themselves, and variables model local computation, which can.

Lessons in this topic(9)

Start hereSignals vs VariablesVHDL Signals vs Variables
  1. 2Signal Assignment in VHDL
  2. 3Declaring Signals and Their Scope
  3. 4Delta Cycles and the Simulation Engine
  4. 5Drivers and the Driver Model
  5. 6Multiple Drivers and Contention
  6. 7Inertial vs Transport Delay
  7. 8Initial Values, U, and Uninitialized Hardware
  8. 9Signals as the Model of Real Wires